Ian’s lecture explored the key concepts in systems thinking and risk management, relating them to current net zero challenges. He explored some of the common frameworks and rating systems used by infrastructure stakeholders to help implement more sustainable and equitable projects, such as the Envision Framework. He used the development of an imaginary EV battery gigafactory to illustrate how some of the fundamental concepts and different models of systems thinking might be implemented in such a project. He looked at how to identify the most common types of risk, and various models used for risk measurement and management. Ian finished with a look at what’s happening with systems thinking within the infrastructure industry currently, highlighting some recent publications such as the Institution of Civil Engineers’ Systems Approach to Infrastructure Delivery (SAID) reports, and the Infrastructure and Projects Authority’s Project Routemap –Systems Integration.